USPS: Unsupervised and Supervised methods of Propensity Score
Adjustment for Bias
Unsupervised methods: Define Local Treatment Differences (LTDs) and Local Average
Outcomes (LAOs) within Clusters of well-matched patients and display their distributions across
Clusters. This form of Nonparametric Preprocessing of observational data is also called Local
Control because it uses post-hoc blocking to implement nested ANOVA (treatment within cluster.)
Supervised methods: Estimate and Validate Propensity Scores and use them to either sub-group
or smooth observed patient outcomes over the common support of alternative treatment cohorts.
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